7.7% — Office energy consumption in Ontario, Canada contributed a modest share. Consolidated Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions were allocated across 15 titles published annually.

5.1% — Outsourced design work for this adult fiction title with minor illustrations resulted in relatively low content creation emissions.

38.0% — Paper manufacturing is the largest contributor. Rolland paper for the text block and generic cover stock account for nearly two-fifths of the total footprint.

22.2% — Offset printing at Marquis, including ink coverage, glue, and coating, represents the second-largest emission category with standard 30% paper waste.

19.3% — Distribution from Montreal to Toronto by road, then split shipments to New York (road, 40%) and Vancouver (rail, 60%) drive transportation emissions.

7.7% — With 10% unsold and 5% returned books, disposal emissions are modest. The majority (55%) are recycled, with 30% landfilled and 15% incinerated.